Vector Borne Diseases
Vectors are living organisms that can transmit infectious diseases between humans or from animals to humans. Many of these vectors are bloodsucking insects, which ingest disease-producing microorganisms during a blood meal from an infected host (human or animal) and later inject it into a new host during their subsequent blood meal.
Key facts
Vector-borne diseases account for more than 17% of all infectious diseases, causing more than 1 million deaths annually.
More than 2.5 billion people in over 100 countries are at risk of contracting dengue alone.
Malaria causes more than 600 000 deaths every year globally, most of them children under 5 years of age.
Other diseases such as Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, and schistosomiasis affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide.
Many of these diseases are preventable through informed protective measures.
Main vectors and diseases they transmit
Mosquitoes are the best-known disease vector. Others include ticks, flies, sandflies, fleas, triatomine bugs and some freshwater aquatic snails.
- Mosquitoes
- Aedes
- Chikungunya
- Dengue fever
- Rift Valley fever
- Yellow fever
- Zika
- Anopheles
- Malaria
- Culex
- Japanese encephalitis
- Lymphatic filariasis
- West Nile fever
2.Sandflies
- Leishmaniasis
- Sandfly fever (phelebotomus fever)
3.Ticks
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever
- Lyme disease
- Relapsing fever (borreliosis)
- Rickettsial diseases (spotted fever and Q fever)
- Tick-borne encephalitis
- Tularaemia
4.Triatomine bugs
- Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis)
- Tsetse flies
- Sleeping sickness (African trypanosomiasis)
5.Fleas
- Plague (transmitted by fleas from rats to humans)
- Rickettsiosis
6.Black flies
- Onchocerciasis (river blindness)
- Aquatic snails
- Schistosomiasis (bilharziasis)
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